Animation depicting Mars during its Hesperian Period, a geological time period extending roughly 3700-3000 million years ago. This Period is characterized by widespread volcanic activity and catastrophic flooding that carved immense outflow channels ...

Artwork depicting Mars during its Hesperian Period, roughly 3700-3000 million years ago. The period is characterised by extreme volcanism which led to catastrophic flooding. These latter helped carve the extensive outflow channels seen on Mars - wide...

... Similar to summer in Iceland. The great Valles Marineris was beginning to form, and the Tharsis volcanoes along with it. The Hesperian Period was more like Iceland in the winter, cold and icy with less liquid water. Valles Marineris was fully formed ...

... Similar to summer in Iceland. The great Valles Marineris was beginning to form, and the Tharsis volcanoes along with it. The Hesperian Period was more like Iceland in the winter, cold and icy with less liquid water. Valles Marineris was fully formed ...

Artwork depicting Mars during its Hesperian Period, roughly 3700-3000 million years ago. The period is characterised by extreme volcanism which led to catastrophic flooding. These latter helped carve the extensive outflow channels seen on Mars - wide...

Artwork depicting Mars during its Hesperian Period, roughly 3700-3000 million years ago. The period is characterised by extreme volcanism which led to catastrophic flooding. These latter helped carve the extensive outflow channels seen on Mars - wide...

... sult, Mars experiences significant changes in climate. This illustration shows cutaways through the crust of Mars during the Hesperian Period (3700-3100 million years ago), when Mars was cold but mostly dry and volcanic. At its coldest (right), much ...

... sult, Mars experiences significant changes in climate. This illustration shows cutaways through the crust of Mars during the Hesperian Period (3700-3100 million years ago), when Mars was cold but mostly dry and volcanic. At its coldest (right), much ...

Animation depicting Mars during its Noachian Period, roughly 4100-3700 million years ago. The period is characterised by high rates of meteorite impacts, volcanism and possibly abundant surface water - however, the water is thought to have been local...